我国中医人才培养状况与趋势的可视化分析研究

文章借助信息可视化工具,以中国知网建库时间--2017年12月31日期间发表的文献为样本数据,对CNKI(中国知识资源总库)收录的中医人才培养领域的相关文献进行可视化分析,借助文献作者、机构、基金项目的分布来分析中医人才培养研究主体的构成;通过绘制关键词共现图谱并结合词频与中心度来解析我国中医人才培养的研究主题与热点,旨在为大家直观展示我国中医人才培养研究现状、研究热点和未来的研究趋势,从而辨识和探测我国中医人才培养的基本动向和整体发展脉络。     

泌桐高速公路生态护坡不同草灌混播10a后的植被群落特征

稳定的边坡群落是公路边坡生态防护的目标,为探究高速公路生态护坡工程10 a演替后群落特征,该研究以泌桐高速公路为依托,布设自然恢复、单一狗牙根播种和5个不同播种密度的草灌混播生态防护措施,分析不同恢复方式对边坡群落组成、生活型和物种多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)调查样方内共有52种植物,分属于17科49属。禾本科、菊科和豆科植物共26属29种,占种总数的55.77%,表明这三大科植物在边坡群落演替过程中起着重要作用。(2) 10 a演替后不同恢复方式下群落中多年生植物比例高于一年生草本植物。(3)在草灌混播样地中,群落物种多样性指数随着播种密度的增加呈先增加后降低的单峰变化趋势,在播种密度为每平方米500株时达到最大。(4)草灌混播的生态恢复效果优于纯草本种植和自然恢复方式。(5)播种密度对草灌混播群落类型,地上生物量和物种多样性指数没有显著影响。从植物的生长效果及成本方面考虑,初播密度每平方米为500~600株的草灌混播可构建较为稳定的边坡植物群落,实现最佳的边坡恢复效果,可应用于类似区域边坡生态恢复工程。     

丙酮丁醇梭菌的基因编辑工具及代谢工程改造

丙酮丁醇梭菌作为极具潜力的新型生物燃料丁醇的生产菌,受到各国研究学者的广泛关注。通过丙酮丁醇梭菌(ABE)发酵生产丁醇,由于生产成本高,限制了其工业化应用。随着基因组学和分子生物学的快速发展,适用于丙酮丁醇的基因编辑工具不断发展并应用于提高菌株的发酵性能。本文对丙酮丁醇梭菌基因编辑工具和代谢工程改造取得的进展进行综述。     

Muscle oxygenation dynamics in response to electrical stimulation as measured with near‐infrared spectroscopy: A pilot study

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is used for preventing muscle atrophy and improving muscle strength in patients and healthy people. However, the current intensity of NMES is usually set at a level that causes the stimulated muscles to contract. This typically causes pain. Quantifying the instantaneous changes in muscle microcirculation and metabolism during NMES before muscle contraction occurs is crucial, because it enables the current intensity to be optimally tuned, thereby reducing the NMES‐induced muscle pain and fatigue. We applied near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure instantaneous tissue oxygenation and deoxygenation changes in 43 healthy young adults during NMES at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 mA. Having been stabilized at the NIRS signal baseline, the tissue oxygenation and total hemoglobin concentration increased immediately after stimulation in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.05) until stimulation was stopped at the level causing muscle contraction without pain. Tissue deoxygenation appeared relatively unchanged during NMES. We conclude that NIRS can be used to determine the optimal NMES current intensity by monitoring oxygenation changes.      

CRISPR/Cas技术在抗除草剂作物育种中的研究与应用进展

CRISPR/Cas系统是一种简单、低成本、高效、精准的基因编辑技术,该技术能够进行基因的定向改造,加速新品种培育进程,在种质资源创制中的应用潜力较高。概述了CRISPR/Cas系统的技术原理及其在作物抗除草剂育种中的应用,简要指出了目前CRISPR/Cas技术在抗除草剂种质创制及应用过程中存在的问题及发展方向,以期为今后利用CRISPR/Cas技术创制抗除草剂新种质提供理论依据。     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors attenuated advanced glycation end products-induced renal tubular hypertrophy via enhancing nitric oxide signaling

Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and angiotensin II were closely correlated with the progression of diabetic nephopathy (DN). Nitric oxide (NO) is a protective mediator of renal tubular hypertrophy in DN. Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and NO signaling responsible for diminishing AGE-induced renal tubular hypertrophy. In human renal proximal tubular cells, AGE decreased NO production, inducible NOS activity, guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activation. All theses effects of AGE were reversed by treatment with ACEIs (captopril and enalapril), the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), and the PKG activator 8-para-chlorophenylthio-cGMPs (8-pCPT-cGMPs). In addition, AGE-enhanced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were clearly reduced by captopril, enalapril, SNAP, and 8-pCPT-cGMPs. The abilities of ACEIs and NO/PKG activation to inhibit AGE-induced hypertrophic growth were verified by the observation that captopril, enalapril, SNAP, and 8-pCPT-cGMPs decreased protein levels of fibronectin, p21 ^Waf1/Cip1, and receptor for AGE. The results of the present study suggest that ACEIs significantly reduced AGE-increased ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK activation and renal tubular hypertrophy partly through enhancement of the NO/PKG pathway.     

CDKN1B Val 109 Gly variant is not related to risk of prostate cancer

Association between CDKN1B gene Val 109 Gly polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility has been investigated in several studies but with inconsistent conclusions. We adopted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the correlation between CDKN1B Val 109 Gly variant and PCa susceptibility. Moreover, we used in-silico tools to evaluate the relationship of CDKN1B expression and overall survival (OS) or disease free survival (DFS) time in PCa patients. The overall results demonstrated no association of the CDKN1B variant on PCa risk [allelic contrast (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.45 − 1.35, P_{heterogeneity} = 0.038); GV vs VV (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.56 − 1.25, P_{heterogeneity} = 0.253); GG vs VV (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.23 − 1.01, P_{heterogeneity} = 0.161); GG+GV vs VV (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.52 −1.08, P_{heterogeneity} = 0.132) and GG vs GV+VV (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.25 − 1.11, P_{heterogeneity} = 0.152)]. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity and source of control, we also identified similar results. In-silico results showed that expression of CDKN1B was decreased in PCa tissue, especially in less advanced PCa (Gleason score = 6 or 7). No significant difference of OS or DFS time was indicated between the low and high expression of CDKN1B. Our present study showed evidence that CDKN1B Val 109 Gly variant is not related to PCa risk. Future studies with large sample size are needed to confirm this correlation in more details.